El Escorial, which was
declared a World Heritage Site in 1984, was the political hub of Felipe
Il's empire. He built it primarily as a crypt for his father as well
as a palace and a monastery. Opened on the commemoration of the Battle
of San Quintin, it was named the Monastery of Saint Lorenzo after
the Saint whose feast was on that day. Madrid, the nearby granite
quarries, and the climate of the area, all paved the way for this
site to be picked as the site of the monastery in 1562. The first
stone was put into place in 1563, and the last in 1584, although work
on the interior continued throughout the following centuries. The
main floor, evocative of the area in which San Lorenzo was killed,
is extremely strict in the symmetry of its design, while the exterior
is noted for its austerity. The horizontal lines of the walls are
in sharp contrast to the vertical ones of the four towers which stand
in the room's corners, each one topped with a pointed slate spire.
The palace's famous Library houses one of the most valuable book collections
in the world, with more that 45,000 publications from the 15th and
16th century, and over 5,000 Arabic, Latin and Spanish manuscripts.
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