JAEN Information: JAEN
HISTORY Information |
Jaen History
Jaen first emerges from history at the time of the Iberian culture.
The first inhabitants established their settlements throughout the
Guadalquivir Valley, during the first millennium before Christ. The
archaeological sites of Jaen, Huelma and Porcuna indicate a prosperous
civilization, well versed in agricultural skills. Greeks, Phoenicians
and Carthaginians all left their mark. The Romans, attracted by the
rich mining possibilities, founded new towns such as Castulo (Linares)
or Iliturgi (Andujar). In 712, Jaen becomes Arab terrain. From then
on it will be known as Geen or Xauen which means "place for caravans
passing through". Their legacy was strongly felt in a large number
of the towns which had previously belonged to Rome. In 1212 the Christian
troops of Castille, vanquished the Saracen troops in the Battle of
las Navas de Tolosa. And so ended another stage of the Reconquest.
Years later, in 1246, King Alhamar handed over the city of Jaen to
Fernando III. In 1492, the Reconquest and the discovery of the New
World now over, Jaen began a century of remar-kable splendour, especially
in the historic towns of Ubeda and Baeza. The nobility of this epoch
transferred their residences here, constructing sumptuous palaces
in late Gothic and Renaissance styles. Baeza even had its own university.
In the middle of the 18th Century, the illustrious monarch Carlos
III focused his attention on the north of Jaen and created the New
Settlements of the Sierra Morena, whose capital since then has been
proudly represented by La Carolina. Pablo de Olavide was commissioned
Superintendent of this new colony of inhabitants consis-ting of men
and women from Central Europe. At the beginning of the 19th Century,
the War ofIndependence once again accentuates the strategic importance
of Jaen. In 1808 General Castaños' s troops defeat Dupont'
s French army in the Battle of Bailen. The administrative and territorial
division in 1833 establishes Jaen as the capital of the Province.
The following decades are difficult. Only Linares and La Carolina
stand out for their mining activity, linked to the extraction of lead.
The Civil War in 1936 deepens the depression. The post-war period
fails to bring better times. Finally, in the 60s, an economic peak
is perceived in the north of the province. The arrival of democracy
brings with it the creation of an incipient business sector in the
most populated towns. At the same time, agricultural systems in rural
zones are undergoing modernization. The olive sector experiences its
sweetest moments and the tourism industry acquires major importance.
Jaen becomes a city of administration and service industries. The
University of Jaen, created in 1995 contributes greatly to the modernity
and progress of its province.
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